酒店市場增長率的高低相對酒店在市場的業務高低——波士頓矩陣。
波士頓矩陣又稱市場增長率一相對市場份額矩陣。該方法是由波士頓咨詢集團(Boston Consulting,BCG)在上世紀70年代初開發的。BCG矩陣將組織的每一個戰略事業單位標在一種二維的矩陣圖上,從而顯示出哪個業務提供高額的潛在收益,以及那個業務是組織資源的漏斗。波士頓矩陣根據市場增長率和相對市場份額分為四種業務組合。
1.問題類業務
指市場增長率高、相對市場份額低的業務,對于這類業務,酒店企業需要投入大量的資金支持其生產經營活動,但是生成的資金較少。對這類業務的投資需要進一步分析,只有那些符合酒店企業長遠發展目標、具有資源優勢或者能夠增強企業核心競爭能力的業務才值得繼續投資。一項或兩項,集中投資發展。
2.明星類業務
指市場增長率高、相對市場份額高的業務。這類業務為酒店企業帶來了長期盈利的機會,但因為市場還在高速增長,需要大量的投資來對抗或擊退競爭對手。酒店企業應根據最近狀況,選擇這兩個或其中的一個業務優先供給它們所需要的資金,支持它們繼續發展。
3.現金牛類業務
指市場增長率低、相對市場份額高的業務。這類業務往往是成熟市場中的領導者,是酒店企業資金的主要來源,企業不需要大量投資,反而用此獲得的資金來支持其他類業務。酒店只有一個現金牛類業務,說明它的資金來源有限,一旦因環境變化而導致其市場份額下降,公司就不得不從其他業務中抽回現金來維持現金牛業務的領導地位。
4.瘦狗類業務
指市場增長率低、相對市場份額也低的業務。一般情況下,這類業務獲利低甚至是虧損的。要是酒店企業有兩項瘦狗類業務,如果這類業務還能自我維持,則應縮小經營范圍,加強內部管理。如果這類業務已徹底失敗,酒店企業及時采取措施,清理業務或退出經營領域,否則只會加重酒店企業的虧損并影響其他業務的發展。
酒店產品以客房和餐廳為主,還經營著康樂、酒吧、咖啡廳等業務,可以采用波士頓矩陣分析法,找出自己的問題類業務、明顯類業務、現金牛類業務和瘦狗類業務,有針對性地進行酒店市場營銷,以期在市場上贏利,獲得較大的市場份額和良好的聲譽。
The hotel market growth, the relative level of the hotel business in the market high and low, the Boston matrix.
The Boston Matrix, also known as market growth, the relative market share matrix. The method is developed in the early 1970s by the Boston Consulting Group (Boston Consulting, BCG). BCG matrix will be organized every strategic business units marked in a two-dimensional matrix in order to show which business is to provide high potential returns, and that business is the funnel of the organizational resources. Boston matrix according to the market growth rate and relative market share is divided into four business combination.
A problem class of business
Refers to the high market growth rate, relatively low market share of business for this type of business, hotel companies need to invest a lot of money to support their production and business activities, but generated less money. The investment in this type of business that require further analysis, only those who meet the long-term development goals of the hotel enterprises with resources advantages, or to enhance their core competitiveness of the business is worth continuing to invest. One or two, focus on investment and development.
2 star class of business
The high market growth rate, relative market share of high business. This kind of business for the hotel business opportunities for long-term profitability, but because the market is still high growth will require significant investment to resist or repel competitors. According to a recent situation, the hotel enterprises should choose this two or a business priority to supply the funds they need to support them to continue to develop.
3 cash cow business
The low market growth rate, relative market share of high business. Such business leader in the mature markets, a major source of financing of hotel enterprises, enterprises do not need to invest heavily, but use this to obtain the funds to support other types of business. The hotel is only one cash cattle business, indicating its limited financial resources due to environmental changes caused by its falling market share, the company would have to withdraw cash from other business to maintain the leadership position of the cash cow business.
Skinny dog class business
The market growth rate is low, the relative market share of low business. Under normal circumstances, such low business profitability or even losses. I have two skinny dog class business hotel enterprises, if this type of business but also self-sustaining, should narrow the scope of operation, strengthen internal management. If such business has been a complete failure, the hotel enterprises to take timely measures to clean up the business or exit the business field, otherwise it will only increase the loss of hotel companies and influence the development of other businesses.
Hotel offering rooms and restaurant, which also operates the recreational, bars, cafes and other services, the Boston matrix analysis to identify the problem class of business, obviously class of business, the cash cow class business and dogs class of business. targeted marketing, in order to profit in the market, access to a larger market share and good reputation.
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